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Medicina (B.Aires) ; 70(1): 71-74, feb. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-633721

ABSTRACT

El Virus Linfotrópico T Humano tipo 1 (HTLV-1), primer oncorretrovirus humano descubierto, es el causante etiológico de la leucemia de células T del adulto (ATL) y de la mielopatía asociada al HTLV-1 o paraparesia espástica tropical (HAM/TSP). Es endémico en distintas partes del mundo, inclusive en el noroeste argentino, donde ambas enfermedades fueron detectadas. El HTLV-2, no tiene un rol etiológico definido, si bien ha sido asociado con síndromes neurológicos similares a la HAM/TSP. Ambos virus son endémicos en comunidades originarias del continente americano, tribus de Africa y poblaciones en riesgo. Ambos retrovirus se transmiten por vía sexual, parenteral y de madre a hijo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la seroprevalencia de HTLV-1/2 en una población de donantes de sangre de la provincia de Misiones. Se analizaron 6912 donaciones de sangre recibidas en el Banco de Sangre Central de la Provincia de Misiones durante 2008. La detección de anticuerpos se realizó por ELISA y aglutinación de partículas, y las muestras reactivas fueron confirmadas por Western Blot. Del total de muestras, 5 resultaron seropositivas con una prevalencia final de 0.00072. De ellas, una era HTLV, tres HTLV-1 y una HTLV-2 positiva. Los donantes positivos provenían de Posadas, Eldorado y Oberá, sin antecedentes de riesgo. Este estudio demuestra la presencia de HTLV-1/2 en donantes de sangre de Misiones, con cifras similares a las notificadas en donantes de sangre de zonas no endémicas.


Human T-cell Lymphotropic viruses type 1 (HTLV-1), the first human oncoretrovirus to be discovered, is the etiologic agent of Adult T-cell Leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1 Associated Mielopathy or Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP). It is endemic worldwide, including the North of Argentina where both associated diseases have also been detected. No etiologic role has been described for HTLV-2, although it has been associated with HAM/TSP-like neurologic syndromes. Both retroviruses are endemic in native populations of The Americas, Africa and at-risk populations. They are transmitted through sex contact, parenterally and from mother to child. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 in a blood donor population from Misiones province. A total of 6912 accepted blood donations in 2008 were analyzed. HTLV-1/2 screening was performed with ELISA and particle agglutination, and reactive samples were confirmed by Western Blot. From the total, 5 samples resulted seropositive with a final prevalence of 0.00072. Out of the 5 positive samples, one was an HTLV, three HTLV-1 and one HTLV-2. These blood donors were residents of Posadas, Eldorado and Oberá, with no risk antecedents. This study demonstrates the presence of HTLV-1/2 in a population of Misiones with a prevalence rate similar to those reported among blood donors from non-endemic areas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Blood Donors/statistics & numerical data , HTLV-I Infections/epidemiology , HTLV-II Infections/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , HTLV-I Infections/blood , HTLV-II Infections/blood , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/isolation & purification , /isolation & purification , Seroepidemiologic Studies
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